The most critical factor in protein extraction through foam fractionization (protein skimming) is contact time (the time in which the water and air are held together in contact with one another) in a homogenous mixture.

Contact time is critical as it allows the bubbles more time to pick up and remove protein and waste products.

Contact time can be measured two ways:

One is the length of contact, this is a measure of how long the water and air are kept together while passing in the chambers.

The other way, to measure by volume of contact. When injecting twice the number of fine bubbles and doubling the capacity for the bubbles to do their job.

The Berlin XL increases greatly the contact time between air and water by length of contact with its taller design. The taller design combined with the triple pass method allow for a much more significant contact time together.

The Berlin XL is available in venturi and turbo drive. The turbo drive injects more air bubbles for even more contact time.

The unique skimmer with a triple air pass and patented air return "skirt". Tangential water inlet. Venturi air injector. Full size air carbon filter. Unique compact design. More effective than skimmers twice the size. Removes levels of proteins other skimmers can`t. Optional internal or external mounting. Easy cleaning. Safe ozone use. A successful marine aquarium should have an efficient protein skimmer as part of the filtration system. Protein fragments and other wastes produced by living organisms are potentially harmful to aquarium inhabitants. Red Sea`s Berlin Skimmer will efficiently remove the suspended or dissolved organic waste and invisible particles from your aquarium consistently, by extracting them from the water flow.

Red Sea Berlin XL skimmer requires a Rio 3100, Little Giant 4MDQ-SC pump, or Iwaki 40RLT. Overall height is 33".

The triple-pass is combined with a powerful Venturi air injector, greatly enhancing the efficiency of the skimmer. Air bubbles and protein rich water are concentrated in the narrow inner tube, ensuring good mixing and maximum surface contact. The air/water mixture swirls up the inner tube into the wider reaction chamber, causing a relaxation of the turbulent water and separation of the protein rich foam at the water surface, which rises into the collection cup. The air bubbles move down the chamber by the force of the water current until reaching the air return skirt located at its base. The skirt effectively enlarges the diameter of the chamber, eliminating the downward force on the air bubbles. The bubbles then rise up through the chamber against the downward flow of the water (counter current), causing great turbulence and increased contact time. The Venturi air injector produces a consistent quantity of fine air bubbles, ensuring a large surface area for collection of waste materials.